MODIS News and Events
7 November, 2015
An image from the Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite captured the eruption of Mount Rinjani in Indonesia, blanketing ash across three Indonesian Islands. The plume was 3.5 kilometers (11,500 feet) above sea level and moved westward, affecting air travel in early November. The image was featured on NASA’s Earth Observatory.
Snowpack in the Sierra Nevada range in Central California is at a record low. The Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite captured this image, published on NASA’s Earth Observatory, of the Sierra Nevada, showing just how brown these typically very white, snow covered mountains have become since 2011, a wet and snowy year with extensive snow pack. To compare images from 2011 with 2015, used the image comparison tool on the NASA Earth Observatory site.
Since 2011, winter snow pack decreased, reducing amounts of melt water in the spring and summer. In March of 2015, ground-based monitoring sites in the Sierras reported that there was no snow cover for the first time ever, while about one-third of the sites were measuring at the lowest snow pack ever recorded.
In a recent article in Nature Climate Change, scientists from the University of Arizona used tree-ring records of precipitation anomalies to construct a 500-year history of snow water equivalent on the Sierra Nevada, showing just how unprecedented this lack of snow pack is in the past 500 years.
Read more on NASA’s Earth Observatory
Read the article on Nature Climate Change
NASA images by Jeff Schmaltz, LANCE/EOSDIS Rapid Response.
It’s time for the annual Fall color display across part of the Northern Hemisphere. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite captured the colorful changing foliage on October 11, 2015. As temperatures drop and sunlight fades, the leaves begin to change colors. This image was recently featured on NASA’s Earth Observatory.
Reported Rift Valley fever (RVF) case locations in relation to Land Use/Land Cover. Image courtesy of: Margaret M. Glancey, et al., 2015; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), an index that shows plants “greenness” or photosynthetic activity, is helping better understand risk factors associated with Rift Valley Fever outbreaks in Southern Africa.
A recent study published in the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s Pub Med looked at epidemiological and environmental risk factors from 2008 – 2011, the worst outbreak of Rift Valley fever in almost 40 years.
Periods of widespread and above-normal rainfall are associated with Rift Valley Fever outbreaks. Researchers combined data from the World Animal Health Information Database (WAHID) on what types of species were affected, where and when with environmental factors including rainfall and NDVI.
The results of the study show that these environmental factors along with geographic factors (topography, drainage, and land use) do play a role in the emergence of Rift Valley Fever.
This study will help the accuracy of future models of areas at risk, allowing more time to adequately prepare and prevent future outbreaks.
Read the full article at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273812
Shorebird populations are struggling to find wetlands on their epic migrations down the Pacific Flyway, stemming from Alaska and Canada down to South America. As water resources have decreased in the Central Valley of California due to development, agriculture and other land use changes, resting and feeding grounds for migratory birds has decreased.
A team from Cornell Lab of Ornithology’s was able to use data from the Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on-board NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites, along with data from Landsat to identify areas that could be turned into “pop-up habitats,” where rice fields could be flooded to provide temporary habitats for migrating birds for a couple weeks per year.
To identify areas that would be beneficial “pop-up habitats,” satellite data on the location and timing of surface water was matched with migration patterns of shorebirds collected from the eBird program, a citizen science bird watching program that collects data on bird sightings. The result is the BirdReturns program, a partnership between the Nature Conservancy and the California Rice Commission that compensates rice farmers to flood their rice fields at particular times to provide migratory habitat for shorebirds.
Efforts like this can help land managers better allocate valuable resources, such as water in California, where they are needed when competition for these resources are high.